Mpox Cases in South Africa: Current Outbreak, Risks, and Public Health Response
Rising Mpox Cases Trigger Nationwide Vigilance
South Africa’s Health Department has confirmed 28 active mpox cases in South Africa as of March 2024. This marks the largest outbreak since the virus re-emerged globally in 2022. Three new cases were reported this week in Ekurhuleni, Gauteng, adding urgency to calls for public caution. The National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) warns that urban centres like Johannesburg and Tshwane stay hotspots. Clusters are linked to close-contact environments.
Health Minister Dr. Joe Phaahla emphasised, “While mpox cases are worrisome, South Africa’s healthcare system is equipped to manage this outbreak. Vigilance—not panic—is key.” The World Health Organisation (WHO) classifies mpox as a moderate-risk disease in the region. Gaps in vaccination access complicate containment efforts. Stigma around transmission routes also plays a role in these challenges.
While mpox cases are worrisome, South Africa’s healthcare system is equipped to manage this outbreak. Vigilance—not panic—is key.
Tracing the Spread of Mpox Cases
Mpox, formerly called monkeypox, spreads through prolonged skin-to-skin contact, respiratory droplets, or contaminated materials. Of the 28 cases, 60% involve men aged 20–35, though women and children in affected households have also tested positive. The NICD reports that 80% of cases show with mild symptoms, including fever, muscle aches, and the hallmark blistering rash.
Gauteng accounts for 65% of infections, but Western Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces have logged sporadic cases. Unlike earlier outbreaks linked to travel, this surge suggests community transmission. “We’re seeing household clusters,” said NICD virologist Dr. Portia Mutevedzi. “Families sharing bedding or caring for sick relatives without protective gear are at higher risk.”
Mpox Fatality Rate and Vulnerable Populations
Globally, mpox has a 3–6% case fatality rate (CFR), but South Africa’s CFR stands at 1.4%, attributed to early detection and improved care. Immunocompromised individuals—including those with untreated HIV—face higher mortality risks. Four patients are presently hospitalised, with one in critical condition due to secondary infections.
“The low CFR shouldn’t breed complacency,” warned Dr. Salome Abbott of Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital. “Delayed testing and stigma-driven secrecy still put lives at risk.” The WHO estimates only 30% of cases are reported in Africa due to diagnostic gaps. This suggests South Africa’s outbreak be broader than confirmed numbers show.
How to Protect Against Mpox Cases
Preventing mpox hinges on minimising exposure:
- Avoid skin contact with infected individuals or rash-like lesions.
- Use gloves when handling a sick person’s laundry or utensils.
- Practice frequent handwashing with soap or alcohol-based sanitiser.
- Isolate promptly if symptoms emerge and contact healthcare providers.
The Health Department discourages sharing beds, towels, or clothing in hotspot areas. While vaccines like JYNNEOS are available overseas, South Africa relies on symptom management and antiviral trials. “Vaccines are under negotiation, but procuring doses takes time,” said Minister Phaahla.
Breaking Down Mpox Myths
Misinformation fuels fear. Contrary to rumours, mpox is not airborne over long distances. Showers don’t spread the virus, though warm baths soothe rashes. Most patients recover within 2–4 weeks without treatment, but painkillers and hydration ease symptoms.
Mpox isn’t a ‘gay disease,’” stressed LGBTQ+ advocacy group OUT LGBT Well-being.
“Mpox isn’t a ‘gay disease,’” stressed LGBTQ+ advocacy group OUT LGBT Well-being. “Anyone can contract it, and stigma drives people underground.” Community leaders are partnering with clinics to distribute fact sheets in Zulu, Sotho, and English.
South Africa’s Mpox Strategy vs. Global Trends
Globally, 92 countries reported 87,000 mpox cases in 2023, with Europe and the Americas hardest hit. Africa’s 2,500 cases—mostly in Nigeria and DR Congo—highlight chronic underreporting. South Africa’s transparency sets a regional precedent, yet cross-border travel raises risks. Mozambique and Eswatini have heightened screenings for arriving South Africans.
“We’re collaborating with neighbouring states to share data and resources,” said WHO Africa Director Dr. Matshidiso Moeti. “Outbreaks don’t respect borders.”
What’s Next for Mpox Cases in South Africa?
The NICD predicts cases will peak in late April as winter approaches. Mobile testing units are deploying to townships, while hospitals stockpile antivirals like tecovirimat. President Cyril Ramaphosa’s cabinet has earmarked R50 million for outbreak response, though activists demand faster vaccine rollouts.
“This outbreak is a wake-up call,” said Treatment Action Campaign chairperson Anele Yawa. “We need equity in global health tools—now.”
Final Word
South Africa’s mpox cases underscore the delicate balance between public alertness and resilience. With coordinated efforts, the nation can curb transmission—but only if citizens heed health guidelines and combat stigma. Stay informed, stay safe, and trust science over speculation.
FAQs About Mpox Cases in South Africa
What is the situation of mpox in South Africa?
As of March 2024, South Africa has confirmed 28 active mpox cases, with Gauteng being the hardest-hit province. The outbreak is marked by community transmission, and health officials are urging vigilance to prevent further spread.
Is mpox treatable?
Yes, mpox is treatable, and most cases are mild, resolving within 2–4 weeks without specific treatment. Antivirals like tecovirimat are used for severe cases, and symptoms can be managed with painkillers and hydration.
Which countries in Africa have mpox?
Mpox is found in several African countries, including Nigeria, DR Congo, South Africa, and Mozambique. South Africa’s outbreak is part of a broader regional trend, though cases stay underreported in many areas.
How to avoid mpox?
Avoid close contact with infected individuals, refrain from sharing bedding or towels, and practice good hand hygiene. If you develop symptoms like fever or a rash, isolate promptly and seek medical advice.
Who is most at risk for mpox?
Anyone can contract mpox. Those at higher risk include close contacts of infected individuals. Immunocompromised people are at higher risk too. Healthcare workers without proper protective gear are also at an elevated risk. Stigma and delayed testing also increase vulnerability in affected communities.
